A Critical Review of Lateritic Concrete: Influence on Strength, Durability, and Sustainability in Construction

Abstract

This paper presents a critical review of lateritic concrete as a sustainable alternative to conventional concrete, with emphasis on its material characteristics, mechanical performance, durability behaviour, and environmental implications. The review synthesizes findings from published studies on laterite-based concrete, including research on partial aggregate replacement, supplementary cementitious materials, fibre reinforcement, and alternative binders. The literature indicates that, under specific mix proportions and curing conditions, partial replacement of conventional aggregates with laterite—commonly within the range of 20–50%—can produce concrete with strength properties comparable to those required for certain structural and non-structural applications. However, performance is strongly influenced by laterite mineralogy, grading, moisture sensitivity, and pore structure. Several studies further reported that the incorporation of materials such as fly ash, palm oil fuel ash (POFA), fibres, and geopolymer binders can improve selected durability and strength characteristics. From an environmental perspective, the reviewed studies suggest reported reductions in embodied carbon and lifecycle impacts, although the magnitude of such benefits varied widely depending on mix design, transport distance, and binder composition. The review also identified key limitations, including regional variability of laterite deposits, inconsistent testing and characterization methods, limited long-term durability data, and challenges related to standardization and large-scale implementation. Future research should prioritize harmonized evaluation protocols, region-specific mix optimization, and field-based performance validation to support the broader application of lateritic concrete in sustainable construction.